Knee Cap Dislocation Casuse, Symptoms, and Treatment

This article will explore the topic of the knee cap and the mechanism of dislocation. The knee cap, also known as the patella, is a small, flat, triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint. It plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the knee by providing mechanical advantage to the thigh muscles (quadriceps) and protecting the knee joint.

Mechanism of Knee Cap Dislocation

Knee cap dislocation, or patellar dislocation, occurs when the patella is forced out of its normal groove, known as the trochlear groove, on the front of the femur (thighbone). This displacement can be caused by various factors, often involving a combination of forces and activities:

1. Direct Trauma: A direct blow to the knee, such as during a fall, collision, or sports-related impact, can push the patella out of its groove. The sudden force disrupts the stability of the patella within the trochlear groove.

2. Rotational Movements: Sudden twisting or rotational movements of the knee can also contribute to patellar dislocation. Activities like pivoting, cutting, or sudden changes in direction can put excessive stress on the patellofemoral joint and lead to the patella slipping out of place.

3. Muscle Imbalances: Weakness or imbalances in the muscles around the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, can affect the stability of the patella. When the quadriceps muscles are weak, they may not adequately control the movement of the patella within the trochlear groove.

4. Abnormal Anatomy: Some individuals have an anatomical predisposition to patellar dislocation. A shallow trochlear groove or structural differences in the patella itself can make it more likely for the patella to dislocate.

5. Hyperextension: Overextending the knee joint, especially during activities like landing from a jump, can lead to patellar instability and dislocation.

Activities Associated with Patellar Dislocation

Several activities and movements can increase the risk of patellar dislocation due to their potential to generate forces that destabilize the patella:

1. Sports: Activities involving sudden changes in direction, jumping, pivoting, and contact sports like soccer, basketball, and football pose a higher risk of patellar dislocation.

2. Running and Jogging: Sudden stops or shifts in direction during running can strain the patellofemoral joint, potentially causing the patella to dislocate.

3. Jumping and Landing: Landing from a jump with improper knee alignment can contribute to patellar instability, especially if the quadriceps are not strong enough to control the movement.

4. Climbing or Descending Stairs: The movement of going up or down stairs can create shearing forces on the patella, potentially leading to dislocation, particularly in individuals with muscle imbalances.

5. Squatting and Lunging: Poor form during squats or lunges can alter patellar tracking, increasing the risk of dislocation, particularly if the knee moves inwards.

6. Sudden Twisting Movements: Any sudden twisting or rotating movement of the knee joint, especially when combined with body weight, can cause the patella to shift out of place.

It's important to note that proper conditioning, strengthening, and maintaining good form during physical activities can significantly reduce the risk of patellar dislocation. 

Knee Cap Dislocation Symptoms

1. Sudden Pain: Sharp pain at the front of the knee during the dislocation.
2. Visible Displacement: The patella may be visibly out of place on the side of the knee.
3. Swelling: Swelling and inflammation around the knee joint.
4. Limited Mobility: Difficulty moving the knee, along with a feeling of instability.
5. Tenderness: The area around the patella might be tender to touch.

Physiotherapy Treatment for Knee Cap Dislocation

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in rehabilitating and preventing knee cap dislocations.

1. Initial Assessment: The physiotherapist assesses the extent of the injury, identifies contributing factors, and creates a personalized treatment plan.

2. RICE Protocol: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation are initial measures to control pain and swelling.

3. Brace for Knee Cap Dislocation: A knee brace might be recommended to provide stability during the early stages of recovery.

4. Manual Therapy: Gentle manual techniques to improve knee joint alignment and restore range of motion.

5. Strengthening Exercises: Gradual introduction of exercises targeting quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip muscles to improve knee stability.

6. Proprioception Training: Exercises that challenge balance and coordination to enhance joint awareness.

7. Taping: Using tape to provide additional support to the patella and correct its alignment.

8. Progressive Exercises: As strength improves, exercises become more dynamic and functional.

Exercise Protocol for Knee Cap Dislocation

1. Quad Sets: Tighten the thigh muscles while keeping the leg straight. Hold for 5-10 seconds, repeat for 10-15 times.

2. Straight Leg Raises: Lie down, tighten the thigh muscles, and lift the leg a few inches off the ground. Hold for 5 seconds, lower slowly. Repeat 10-15 times.

3. Clamshells: Lie on your side, knees bent. Keeping feet together, lift the top knee while keeping feet touching. Repeat 15 times on each side.

4. Step-Ups: Use a low step or platform. Step up with the injured leg, then step down. Repeat 10-15 times on each leg.

5. Wall Squats: Slide down a wall into a squat position, knees bent at a 30-degree angle. Hold for 5-10 seconds, repeat 10-15 times.

6. Lunges: Perform controlled lunges, focusing on proper form and stability.

7. Balance Exercises: Stand on one leg, gradually increasing the duration as balance improves.

8. Cycling: Low-resistance stationary cycling helps improve knee mobility and strength.

Remember, the exercise protocol should be tailored to the individual's needs and progress. Consistency and gradual progression are key to a successful recovery. 

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• Brace for Knee Cap Dislocation

People also ask

How do you fix a dislocated knee cap?

A dislocated knee cap is typically fixed by a medical professional using a method called "reduction." This involves gently maneuvering the patella back into its normal position within the trochlear groove of the femur. Pain relief, immobilization, and rehabilitation are often part of the treatment process.

Can you walk with a dislocated kneecap?

Walking with a dislocated kneecap is usually very difficult and painful. The dislocation causes instability and misalignment in the knee joint, making weight-bearing and movement extremely uncomfortable. It's important to seek medical attention promptly to ensure proper treatment and avoid further complications.

How serious is a dislocated kneecap?

A dislocated kneecap can vary in seriousness depending on factors like the extent of displacement, associated injuries, and the individual's overall health. It's generally considered a significant injury as it can cause severe pain, damage to surrounding structures, and potential for recurrent dislocations. Prompt medical evaluation and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent complications and ensure proper recovery.